-
英语标点：冒号用法常见问题解答
语言表达细节是很多考生和家长关心的事。英语写作中关于标点符号的使用规范是基础但重要的内容，其中冒号的用法尤其需要准确掌握，因为用错标点会让文章显得不够专业。今天小编把冒号的各种使用场景和常见错误都详细整理出来了，适合收藏学习。感兴趣的网友和小编一同来下文看看吧
1.介绍一个或多个项目：
Humans use five major senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
分隔两个独立从句，第二个从句用来叙述、说明、改写或延伸第一个从句：
Martha realized that her worst fear was coming true: her son was being sent to war.
(*冒号后用独立的从句解释Martha’s fear)
2.商业书信或正式信件开头问候语：
To the Central Valley Committee Chairman:
3.其他冒号使用准则
3.1冒号后的第一个字母不要大写，除非是专有名词， is part of a quote, or is the first in a series of sentences:
错误范例: I have three desires: To eat, sleep, and work.
正确范例 : I have three desires: to eat, sleep, and work.
3.2当引号内包含多个句子，许多作者会倾向使用冒号而非逗号来引出内容：
In Chapter 3, the author explains his theory: “Dogs have dreams, but they don’t dream as humans do. Their dreams reflect a primal desire for pleasure, whereas humans are preoccupied with the ego and self-image. This is equally true in wakefulness and sleep.”
3.3接在冒号之后的内容不一定要是完整的句子，可以是单词或短语：
There is one mantra that can sum up our position towards climate change: urgent action.
4常见冒号错误
4.1分隔平等并且无相关的两个从句：
错误范例: Sarah and her friends loved spending time on the mountain: nature always held a special meaning for them.
正确范例: Sarah and her friends loved spending time on the mountain; nature always held a special meaning for them.
(*若两个从句完全无相关，则应使用句号；若第二个从句和第一个从句有某种程度相关，并且并非用来陈述、说明或改写第一个子句，则使用分号分隔)
4.2过度使用冒号:
冒号属于强调性质的标点符号，要避免过多使用。请将冒号想像为暂停标志，用来引起读者注意“Hey! Pay attention to this. This is important.” 如果路上有过多的暂停标志，则无法顺利并快速的前进，同样的道理，若文章中包含过多的冒号，读者也无法顺利阅读。
冒号主要用来吸引读者注意力并清楚的指出重要信息，许多作者会使用冒号来导出他们的重要主张或是用来支撑证明。
英语论文标点：分号四大使用规则
1.当一个句子中，加入了两个或两个以上的概念（从句），而这些概念又互为平等时：
例子：The universe has always called to human beings; there could be no morefinal frontier than space.
2.当一个句子加入了两个用连接副词或转折片语连接的独立从句时：
例子：Sam thought David was inviting him to the picnic to enjoy a nice dayout; as it turned out, David was planning a surprise birthday party.
3.当一个句子中陈列出许多或一系列不同的项目，其中这些陈列的项目中包含逗号时，或者项目相对长且性质较复杂时：
例子：Our family members came all the way from Denver, Colorado; Rochester,Minnesota; and even Paris, France.
4.在句子中使用对等连接词连接两个独立从句(若两个从句已使用逗号分隔)，或者当两个从句较长时：
例子：My main research objective is to isolate the cause of the disease, aswell as to contribute to the existing literature; for this will bring an end tostarvation across the continent, create new study designs related toepidemiology, and change the very paradigm of my research field.